EFFECT OF SIMPLIFIED KUNDALINI YOGA ON SELECTED BIO-CHEMICAL VARIABLES AMONG MIDDLE AGED HYPERTENSIVE WOMEN

* Kaushik Rengarajan, ** Dr. R. Elangovan, *Ph.D Scholar, Faculty of Yoga Sciences and Therapy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), No.12, Vembuliamman Koil Street, West K.K.Nagar, Chennai-78, Tamil Nadu, India. E- Mail ID: Kaushik.r.10@gmail.com, **Professor & Head, Faculty of Yoga Sciences and Therapy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), No.12, Vembuliamman Koil Street, West K.K.Nagar, Chennai-78, Tamil Nadu, India.  E-Mail ID: relangovantnpesu@gmail.com.

 

ABSTRACT

          The purpose of the random group experimental study was to find out the effect of Simplified Kundalini yoga practices on Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) among middle aged Hypertensive women. For this purpose of the study, 30 Hypertensive middle aged women were selected randomly by using random group sampling method from Chennai and their age was ranged between 35 and 45 years. They were divided into two groups, i.e. experimental group I and control group II of 15 subjects each. It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences among the middle aged hypertensive women on selected Bio Chemical variables such as Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) due to Simplified Kundalini yoga practices than the control group. Preliminary test was taken for two Groups on selected Biochemical variables before the start of the training program. Group I (Experimental group) were given Simplified Kundalini Yoga Practices for 60 minutes, six days a week for a total period of 12 weeks. Group II (Control Group) did not undergo any treatment but in active rest. After the experimental period, the two groups were retested again on the same selected dependent variables. The collected data were analyzed with Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA). The level of significance was fixed at 0.05 level of confidence. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference on Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (Decreased) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (Increased) due to 12 weeks of Simplified Kundalini yoga practices among middle aged hypertensive women. The hypothesis was accepted at 0.05 level of confidence. Hence it is concluded that Simplified Kundalini yoga practice is beneficial for hypertensive middle aged women to maintain healthy LDL and HDL levels.

 

KEYWORDS: Simplified Kundalini yoga practices, hypertension, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL).

 

INTRODUCTION

An abnormal blood pressure requires confirmation on two subsequent days. An optimal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg. High blood pressure or hypertension is defined as either a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg. Systolic blood pressure is a more powerful predictor of cardiovascular events than diastolic blood pressure. With increasing age, the diastolic blood pressure may actually decrease while systolic blood pressure increases; this indicates increased stiffening of the arteries throughout the body.

The Vethathiri Maharishi, a scientist and spiritual leader, also called Father of Almighty (Arut-Thanthai). He developed the SKY Yoga (simplified kundalini yoga) system after his years of intense meditation, yogic practices, research and spiritual realizations.

The SKY Yoga system includes Simplified Physical Exercises for Health, Meditation Practices for mind peace, Kaya Kalpa Yoga for Anti-Aging and Introspection for happiness.

Symptoms

Severe headache, fatigue, confusion, vision problems, chest pain, difficulty in breathing, irregular heartbeat, blood in the urine, pounding in chest/ neck or ears.

Causes

Smoking, being overweight or obese, Lack of physical activity, too much salt in the diet, too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day), Stress, Older age, Genetics.

Complications of hypertension

Heart attack or stroke, Aneurysm, Heart failure, Weakened and narrowed blood vessels in your kidneys, Thickened, narrowed or torn blood vessels in the eyes, Metabolic syndrome, Trouble with memory or understanding, Dementia.

 

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

            The objective of the study was to find out whether there would be any significant difference on selected bio-chemical variables such as Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) due to simplified kundalini yoga among middle aged hypertensive women.

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM        

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of simplified kundalini yoga on selected bio-chemical variables among hypertensive middle aged women.

 

HYPOTHESIS

It was hypothesized that would be significant differences on selected bio-chemical variables such as Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL among hypertensive middle aged women due to simplified kundalini yoga than the control group.

DELIMITATIONS

• The study was confined to middle aged hypertensive women from Chennai City, India only.
• The age of the subject was ranged from 35 to 45 years only.
• The study was confined to simplified kundalini yoga practice as independent variable only
• The study was confined to Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) as dependent variables only.

LIMITATIONS

• The Factors like Socio-Economical status were not taken into consideration.
• The climatic conditions were not considered.
• Factors like Life style habits were not taken into consideration.
• Subjects’ day to day activities were not taken into account.
• Diet and Medication followed by subjects was not controlled.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Yogaraj P et.al., (2010) found the Effect of Selected Yogic Practices Physical Exercises on Bio-Chemical Variables among College Women Students. The study was conducted on 20 women students of Queen Mary’s College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu were selected as subjects. The selected as subjects were divided in two groups. Group I underwent the yogic practices training and Group II underwent the Physical exercises. The subject age ranged from 18 to 23 years. The subjects were selected at random from the College Women Students. The study was formulated as pre post and pre experimental design. The yogic practice group had significant improvement in body cholesterol and improved triglyceride, HDL and LDL. Key words: Yogic practices, Physical Exercises, Cholesterol, High Density.

 

Anki Reddy (2018), The purpose of the study was to find out the efficacy of yoga therapy on selected bio-chemical variables among middle aged hypertensive women. To facilitate the study, 30 subjects were selected at random from Godhavari District only. Their age were ranged between 30-45 years old. They were assigned into two groups as yoga therapy group and control group. All the subjects were tested prior to and immediately after the 6 weeks treatment in progression to bio-chemical variables such as low density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol. The initial and final scores in selected bio-chemical variables were put in-to statistical treatment using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to find out the significant mean differences. Systematic six weeks of yoga therapy reduced the LDL and cholesterol more than the control group.

 

METHODOLOGY

To achieve the purpose of the study, 60 came forward, 45 were screened and 30 hypertensive middle aged women were selected randomly from Chennai city, between the age group of 35 and 45 years and they were divided into two groups I and II with 15 subjects in each group. Preliminary test was conducted for the two groups (I and II) on the selected dependent variables before the start of the training program. Group I subjects were given simplified kundalini yoga practices for 60 minutes , six days in a week for a total period of 12 weeks.

Group II (Control Group) subjects were permitted to undergo their routine and normal lifestyle during the course of experiment without any specific training.

After 12 weeks, the two groups were retested again on the same selected dependent variables such as Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Scores were statistically measured using Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) to find out the significant differences between the two groups. The test of significance was fixed at 0.05 level of confidence.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

            The data pertaining to the variables collected from the two groups before and after the training period were statistically analyzed by using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to determine the significant difference and tested at 0.05 level of significance.

               The Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) on High-Density Lipoprotein among Simplified kundalini yoga and control group was analyzed and are presented in Table-I.

      

 Table    I

ANALYSIS OF CO-VARIANCE OF THE MEANS OF TWO EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS AND THE CONTROL GROUP ON High-Density Lipoprotein ( in mg/dl)

Test	Experimental group	Control Group	Source of Variation	Degrees of Freedom	Sum of Squares	Mean Sum of Squares	F-Ratio
Pre	46.07	45.20	Between	1	5.63	2.82	1.11
			Within	28	71.33	2.55
Post	56.73	48.27	Between	1	537.63	268.82	46.50*
			Within	28	161.87	5.78
Adjusted Post	51.81	43.61	Between	1	466.67	233.34	40.70*
			Within	27	154.79	5.73

* Significant at 0.05 level of confidence. (Table F ratio at 0.05 level of confidence for df 1 and 28= 4.2, 1 and 27= 4.21)

The obtained F - ratio value for the HDL was greater than the table value. This indicates that there was a significant difference among the post-test and adjusted post-test means of the Simplified kundalini yoga group than the Control group on HDL. The above findings can also be substantiated by the observations of experts. Yogaraj P et.al., (2010) The pretest, posttest and the adjusted post test mean values of Experimental group and Control group on HDL are graphically presented in the following table.

 

Figure – 1

BAR DIAGRAM SHOWING THE MEAN DIFFERENCES AMONG THE GROUPS ON hdl (mg/dl)

 ** Significant at 0.05 level of confidence (Table F ratio at 0.05 level of confidence for df 1 and 28= 4.2, 1 and 27= 4.21).

 

Table     II

ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE OF THE MEANS OF TWO EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS AND THE CONTROL GROUP ON ldl (mg/dl)

Test	Experimental group	Control Group	Source of Variation	Degrees of Freedom	Sum of Squares	Mean Sum of Squares	F-Ratio
Pre	122.07	120.87	Between	1	10.80	10.80	0.22
			Within	28	1394.67	49.81
Post	90.13	120.33	Between	1	6840.30	6840.30	239.69*
			Within	28	799.07	28.54
Adjusted Post	90.07	120.40	Between	1	6844.53	6844.53	235.82*
			Within	27	783.67	29.02

** Significant at 0.05 level of confidence (Table F ratio at 0.05 level of confidence for df 1

    and 28= 4.2, 1 and 27= 4.21).

The obtained F - ratio value for the LDLwas greater than the table value. This indicates that there was a significant difference among the post-test and adjusted post-test means of the Simplified physical exercises group than the control Group on LDL. The above findings can also be substantiated by the observations of experts. Anki Reddy (2018), The pretest, posttest and the adjusted posttest mean values of Experimental group and Control group on LDL are graphically presented in the following table.

 The ordered adjusted means on LDL were presented through bar diagram for better understanding of the results of this study in Figure - 2.

Figure 2

BAR DIAGRAM SHOWING THE MEAN DIFFERENCES AMONG THE GROUPS ON ldl(mg/dl)

        ** Significant at 0.05 level of confidence (Table F ratio at 0.05 level of confidence for df 1 and 28= 4.2, 1 and 27= 4.21).

 

DISCUSSION ON HYPOTHESIS

It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences on selected Physiological variable such as Biochemical variable such as Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) due to Simplified kundalini yoga among middle aged hypertensive women than the control group. The results proved that there were significant differences on Low Density Lipoprotein (Decreased) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (Increased) due to Simplified kundalini yoga than the control group among middle aged hypertensive women. The hypothesis was accepted at 0.05 level of confidence.

CONCLUSION

It was concluded that simplified kundalini yoga practices decreased Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and increased High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) significantly among middle aged hypertensive women. Hence, yogic practices are beneficial to middle aged hypertensive women to maintain healthy low and high density lipoproteins.

References

1. Yogaraj P, Ramaraj P and Elangovan R. (2010), “Effect of Selected Yogic Practices Physical Exercises on Bio-Chemical Variables among College Women Students”.
2. Anki Reddy (2018), “Efficacy of yoga therapy on selected bio-chemical variables among middle aged hypertensive women.”