Comparison of  Standing Broad Jump Performances between Rural and Urban Girls of Class IX in Salcete Taluka.

Author: Savio E. Fernandes, College Director of Physical Education and Sports, M.E.S College of Arts and Commerce, Zuarinagar- Goa

INTRODUCTION

Physical Education is not education but also involves activities such as Yoga, Dance and Recreation, Healthy Living, Physical Activities, Playing of various Games and Sports, Gymnasium Workouts, Physical Testing and Grading One’s Self, Activities which help an individual to grow not only physically but mentally and spiritually.

Physical Education not only aims at creating top professional athletes but also in Achieving Physical Fitness is also an important part of Physical Education. One of the most important aspects of Physical education is Physical Fitness. Physical fitness testing is an important part of the physical education curriculum of Goa and hence the physical education teachers undertake the testing of students in schools and they are graded as per the performance.  Standing Broad Jump is a test which measures the Explosive power of the lower body and is used widely cause of the easy administrative ability of the test.

Muscular Strength

The ability of a muscle to exert force against any form of resistance is known as Muscular Strength. A strength needed by muscles to lift a object, strength needed by the sprinter during the start to push against the blocks are examples of muscular Strength. Strength can be classified into 3 types

1. Maximum Strength – The greatest force that is possible in a single maximum contraction.
2. Explosive Strength – The ability to overcome a resistance with a fast contraction
3. The ability to express force many times over.

Measurement of Muscular Strength

Measurement of Muscular strength has to be carefully done. Since Measurement is a tedious task one has to take care while measuring of any aspect of fitness. Measurement of Muscular Strengths can be identified from the type of Strength we want to measure. We cannot use a 1 min push up test to identify the strength of lower leg of the body similarly we cannot use a 30 Meters Fly Test to measure the Endurance of a human.

In this research, the researcher focuses on the measurement of the explosive power of the lower body of the subjects. The researcher will be administering the Standing Broad jump test on the Subjects measurements will be taken and recorded.

Standing Broad Jump

Standing Broad Jump test measures the explosive power of the legs. The subject has to stand on the line and jump as far as possible from a standing position. The distance covered in measured in meters.

Procedure:

• The test is explained carefully to the subject.
• The subject has to place his feet apart on the ground behind the line.
• Once she is ready she is allowed to squat down and has to jump as far as possible in line with the meter tape.
• Once the jump is complete she has to walk forward
• The tester will carefully note the landing of the feet  and will record the distance covered.

Review of Related Literature

Shinde A.F. (2005) in his study constructed fitness norms on health to test the Health Related Fitness Factors of First year college students. The sample size selected was 12075 students who were studying in different colleges of Marathawada University. The tests that were used to assess the Physical Fitness Factors were 12 min Run/Walk Test, Sit-ups Test, Hand Grip Strength Test, Body Max Index and Sit and Reach Test.

Radadiya, V.K.(2004)  in his study constructed norms for school boys of 11-12, 12-13, 13-14 and 14-15 years to assess the physical fitness of the boys of the state of Gujarat. AAHPER Youth Fitness Test was used for the purpose of construction of norms  and a sample size of Six Thousand male students who were studying in school between Grade 5 to Grade 9 were selected for the study. Percentile Scale and 7 Sigma Scale were calculated separately of each item of the test battery separately in the above study.

METHODOLOGY

In this study a comparison is made between Standing Broad performances of Girls of Standard IX from rural and urban schools of Salcete taluka in the State of Goa. The subjects were selected randomly. Total number 100 students were selected for the purpose of the study. 50 were selected from Rural schools and 50 were selected from urban schools. The test was explained carefully and the data was collected.

RESULTS

Table No. 1 shows the descriptive statistics of performances of Standing Broad Jump of Students studying in Urban and Rural schools in Salcete Taluka in the State of Goa. It can be seen from the above table the minimum score for rural schools is 0.80 meters and the maximum score is 1.63 meters where in case of urban schools the minimum score is 0.83 meters and the maximum score is 1.53 meters. The mean of Rural girls performance is 1.21 meters where as the mean of urban girls performances is 1.17 meters.

Figure 1

Graph of Performances of Standing Broad Jump of Girl Students studying in Urban and Rural school in Salcete Taluka in Goa State.

The above graph shows the performances of Girls students in Standing Broad Jump studying in Urban and Rural schools in Salcete Taluka in the State of Goa. It can be seen that the best performance for girls from urban schools is  

Table No. 2

Comparison of Standing Broad Jump between Students studying in Urban Schools and Rural School

Table 2 shows the statistical analysis for Standing Broad Jump using independent sample t test. Since the significant value is smaller than 0.05 equal variance is not assumed. The calculated t value (1.247) for df 98 shows that there is no significant difference in scores of Standing Broad Jump between Girls students studying in Rural Schools and Urban Schools at 0.05 significance level (p=0.215). Hence the null hypothesis is failed to be rejected and research hypothesis is rejected.

CONCLUSION:

From the above study we can say that there is no significant difference between Standing Broad jump performances of Rural and Urban Girls. This is maybe because the school girls in rural and urban areas have similar ground conditions and good physical education teachers who provide good education and training to the students. Also the curriculum urges the physical education teachers to timely assess their students by conducting physical fitness tests and after assessing, the physical education teachers also help the weak students to improve their fitness.

References

Ajmer Singh, Jagdish Bains, Jagtar Singh and Rachhpal Singh Brar, (2009), Essentials in Physical Education, (3rd Ed), Ludhiana: Kalyani Publishers.

Dr. Priti R. Majhi, Dr. Prafull K. Khatua, 2018, Research Methodology, Himalaya Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

Harold M. Barrow and Rose Mary Mcgee, (1982), Practical Approach to Measurement in Physical Education, (3rd Ed), Delhi: Surjeet Publications, P.75.

Santosh Gupta, 2010, Research Methodology and Statistical Techniques, New Delhi : Deep and Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd.

U.R. Mariayya, 2012, Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, National Association of Physical Education and Sports Science, Volume – II, Pg.136