Correlational Study on Performance of 1 Mile Run/Walk Test Administered Differently

Author: Savio E. Fernandes, College Director of Physical Education and Sports, M.E.S College of Arts and Commerce, Zuarinagar- Goa

Co-Author: Dr. Gopal Moghe, Director of Physical Education and Sports, Maharashtra Mahavidhyalaya, Nilanga – Maharashtra.

INTRODUCTION

Correlational Study of 1 Mile run/walk test attempts to correlate the performance of 1 Mile Run/walk Test performed on a standard 400 meters track with the performance of 1 Mile Run/walk test on a improvised 100 meters track. 1 Mile Run/walk test is a test which measures the cardio-respiratory fitness, where the subject has to run 1609 meters in the minimum possible time.

Tests

An Instrument which is used to gain information about some performance of an individual or some object is termed as a Test. This instrument can be in different forms such as performance on a physical fitness tests, recorded observations, scientific records, questionnaires. Some examples of the test are Intelligence Test (Questionnaire), 1 Min Sit up test (to measure abdominal Strength and endurance), thermometer (Used to measure body temperature) or a weighing scale (used to measure weight)

The importance of long duration activities and measurement of fitness is considered to very important. So a number of tests have been developed in-order to measure the physical fitness. Some of the tests are Cooper 12 Minute run/walk Test, Harward Step test, 1 Mile Run/walk test and many more lab tests.

Cardio-vascular Endurance

Cardio-vascular endurance in one of the most significant components of general fitness and is measured by testing one’s aerobic capacity.

It may be explained as the ability of the heart and lungs to take in and transport adequate amount of oxygen to the active muscle groups namely the large muscle groups. An ideal example of activities that involve large muscle groups are continuous running, swimming, cycling, long distance brisk walking, aerobics.

Measurement of Cardio-vascular endurance

The best measure of cardio-vascular endurance is VO2 Max, but measuring this requires expensive equipment such as a treadmill, bicycle ergometer and trained personnel thereby making it difficult to measurement of cardio-vascular endurance on a frequent basis.

One of the easiest ways of measuring cardio-vascular endurance is the counting of heart rate during and after testing however care should be taken to minimize the counting errors which may affect the validity of the test. The individuals who undertake the measurement the heart rate should practice several times before administering the test. A number of field and lab tests are available for the measurement of cardio-vascular endurance. Some of them are as follows

• Treadmill
• Bicycle ergometer
• Treadmill run to exhaustion
• Closed circuit method for gas analysis
• Harward step test
• Distance runs – 9 Min. Run/walk test, 12 Min. run/walk test
• Time Runs – 1 Mile, 1.5 Mile run.

Administrative Constraints of Tests and need for the study.

Measurement of any test is not any easy task. It requires careful assessment, trained instructors, concentration and good organization.

Validity, Reliability and Objectivity of the Test of the test which is administered is a prime importance, besides that, administrative feasibility of cost and time are two basic constraints. Ease of administration, whether an assistant is necessary for assessment, whether the administrator of the test and the assistant is qualified to conduct the test, how well the instructions are given to the subjects, whether the instructions given are understood by the subjects are some of the administrative constraints of the tests.

Also some tests cannot be conducted due to lack of facilities available to conduct the test. 1 Mile Run/walk test was developed on a 400 Meters Standard track which is not available in most parts of the country hence the 1 Mile Run/walk test on a 100 meters track has been undertaken by the researcher.

Objectives

• To measure the performance.
• To find out the correlation between the performance of 1 Mile run/walk test conducted on a 400 meters track and on a 100 meters track

Review of Related Literature

Welk, (2010) for measuring cardiovascular fitness, out of the two optional measures of cardio-respiratory fitness of the FITNESSGRAM program, teachers could choose either from 1 Mile Run/walk Test or the PACER (Progressive Aerobic Cardio-Vascular Endurance Run). The 1 Mile run/walk test is a standard time performed test, which is used along with age, gender and BMI to predict aerobic capacity. This test is evaluated using some Health related standard based on estimated aerobic capacity. When properly administered, standardized fitness tests can provide valuable information for individuals, school leaders, government officials, health officials and other policy makers which will help to promote fitness education and facilitate physical activity promotion.

Diaz. Et. Al., (2000) in his study designed to determine the validity and reliability of the 1000 meters walk/run test in adults. Fifty one healthy subjects (31 men, 20 women) participated in four maximal tests, two in laboratory on a treadmill for direct measurement of VO2 max (L1 and L2) and twice in a track for distance run/walk time in 1000 meters (C1 and C2). Values were analyzed by interclass correlation, Pearson Product Moment and ‘t’ test. Results showed that the VO2 max in L1 and L2 were 2.67 and 2.70 L.min-1 (R=0.97) and meanwhile VO2 max estimated from field were 44.2 and 46.2 mL.kg-1.min-1 (R=0.98). Pearson correlation obtained from all subjects between laboratory and field tests was r=0.88, without significant difference (P>00.5) From the data they developed the following equation: VO2 max = 71.66-5.85 (t). where 71.66 and 5.85 are constants and t is the time employed in performing the test, R=-0.86, (p<0.05). The conclusion made is that 1000 meters distance walk/run time test is highly reliable and valid test for estimation of VO2 max in Mexican people. The test is safe, easy and short and can be administered with a minimal amount of equipment.

 

 

METHODOLOGY

In this study the researcher has correlated the performance of students in 1 Mile run/walk test performed on a standard 400 Meters track with the performance of 1 Mile Run/walk test of subjects performed on a 100 Meters Track. 63 Male bachelor degree students of Chandrashekhar Agashe College of Physical Education were selected as sample using the Purposive sampling technique. The subjects were explained the importance of participation in the test. Data of performance of students of 1 Mile Run/walk test on a Standard 400 Meters track was collected followed by collection of data of performance of students of 1 Mile Run/walk test on a 100 Meters track.

 

RESULTS

Table 1

Decriptive Statitics of 1 Mile run/walk test administered differently

Test	N	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Std. Error	Std. Deviation
One Mile Run/walk 400 meters track	63	6.00	11.59	7.52	.134	1.07
One Mile Run/walk 100 Meters track	63	6.14	12.05	7.59	.126	1.00

 

Table 1 shows the descriptive statistics of Performance of both the 1 Mile Run/walk Tests. The average performance of 1 Mile Run/walk test on a Standard 400 Meters track is 7.52, whereas the average performance of 1 Mile Run/walk test on a 100 Meters Run/walk test is 7.59. both the test have a wide range since the minimum and maximum score are widely spread. The standard deviation in case of 1 Mile run/walk test on a Standard 400 meters track is 1.07 and 1.00 in case of 1 Mile run/walk test on a 100 meters track.

 

Table 2

Correlation between performance of students on 1 mile Run/wak test on a Standard 400 Meters track and on a 100 Meters track.
		1 Mile Run/walk 400 Meters track	1 Mile Run/walk 100 Meters track
1 Mile Run/walk 400 Meters track	Pearson Correlation	1	.933**
	Sig. (2-tailed)		.001
	N	63	63
1 Mile Run/walk 100 Meters track	Pearson Correlation	.933**	1
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.001
	N	63	63
**Significant to 0.01 level (2-tailed)

From the above table 2 it can been that, there is a very strong positive correlation of r=0.933 between performance of students on 1 Mile Run/walk test on a Standard 400 Meters track and on a 100 Meters track, Hence there is a very high positive correlation between the two tests.

 

DISCUSSION

After analysis of the data collected it was found that a high positive correlation of r=0.933 was found between 1 Mile run/walk test on a Standard 400 Meters track with the 1 Mile Run/walk test on a 100 Meters track.

 

CONCLUSION:

From the above study we can conclude that, since both the tests have a high positive correlation of r=0.933, both the tests can be used interchangeably. This test is also suitable for the population under consideration. From the results it can also be said that if the Standard 400 Meters track is available then, the 1 Mile Run/walk test on a standard 400 meters track can be considered for testing, however if the standard track is not available then the modified 1 Mile Run/walk test on a 100 Meters track can be used as an alternative.

 

References

H. Harrison Clarke & David H. Clarke, Application of Measurement to Physical Education (6th Ed). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.; Englewood Cliffs.

Charles A., Bucher & Deborah A., Wuest. (2010). Foundation of Physical Education, Exercise Science and Sport (sixteenth Ed.) New Delhi: Tata Mcgraw Hill Education Private Limited. Pp.178-181

David K., Miller (1997). Measurement by the Physical Educator (4th Ed). New York: The Mcgraw-Hill

Diaz et. Al., “Validity and Reliability of the 1000 Meter Aerobic Test”. Rev Invest Clin.52.1 (Jan-Feb 2000): pp.44-51